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Our Industry

The Nuclear Renaissance in the United States

A safe, carbon-free energy source

Nuclear energy is a key source of clean, secure, and cost-effective power. As one of the most dependable energy sources, it provides 20% of the total electricity in the U.S.

  • Nuclear energy is one of the safest energy sources and has seen dramatic changes over the last 50 years to make the technology even safer and more efficient;
  • It is the largest source of carbon-free electricity in the United States and protects our air quality by generating electricity without other harmful pollutants like nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, or mercury;
  • Nuclear is powerful, one uranium fuel pellet—about the size of a gummy bear—creates as much energy as one ton of coal, 149 gallons of oil or 17,000 cubic feet of natural gas.

Securing Domestic Uranium to Power the Nuclear Renaissance

Nuclear Energy’s Role in the U.S. Power Mix

  • The U.S. Department of Energy forecasts an expansion of nuclear generation to support the nation’s net-zero by 2050 targets.1


Growing Demand for Domestic Uranium Supply

  • The U.S. imported over 95% its uranium in 20232, making domestic uranium production and supply chain security a growing priority;
  • As new reactors come online and demand for nuclear fuel increases, investment in domestic uranium resources will be crucial to backstop US energy security.


Accelerated Permitting

  • FAST-41 (Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act of 2015) established a framework to streamline federal permitting for major infrastructure and energy projects by setting clear timelines, coordinated reviews, and public transparency through the Federal Permitting Dashboard.

U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review and Uranium Marketing Annual Report

New Mexico: Essential for the U.S. Nuclear Renaissance

  • Largest Uranium Reserves in the U.S: New Mexico hosts the largest identified uranium ore reserves in the United States with the Grants Uranium District thought to be the seventh largest uranium-producing district in the world.3 
  • Significant Resource Base: The Grants Uranium District contains approximately 409 million pounds of uranium resources, as identified by companies in the 1980s.4
  • Low-Cost Entry: Inexpensive property acquisition costs include millions of dollars of exploration and development expenditures already incurred during the 1970s and 1980s exploration cycle.
  • ISR Potential: The region’s sandstone-hosted uranium deposits are generally amenable to ISR methods, supporting environmentally responsible development.

Historic New Mexico Uranium Production
  • From 1948 to 1982, more than 200 mines in New Mexico produced 163,010 tons of U3O8;
  • New Mexico produced 40% of the total U.S. uranium production for that period;
  • More than 99% of the New Mexico production has come from the Grants district in McKinley and Cibola Counties;
  • Most of the uranium production in New Mexico has come from the Jurassic Morrison Formation in the Grants Uranium District.

Mining districts in New Mexico that have uranium deposits (modified from McLemore and Chenoweth, 1989).

McLemore, V. T. (1983). Uranium industry in New Mexico—History, production and present status. New Mexico Geology, 5(3), 45–51. https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/periodicals/nmg/5/n3/nmg_v5_n3_p45.pdf

Grants Uranium District, New Mexico

  • The Grants Uranium District is one of the largest and most historically significant uranium regions in the United States;
  • Accounts for nearly 40% of all uranium mined in the U.S.5 Since production began in 1948, the region has produced approximately ~350 million pounds of U₃O₈; 6
  • Vast area of mineral rights offering strong exploration potential to expand existing deposits and identify new discoveries;
  • The Grants Uranium District remains a cornerstone of America’s uranium supply, positioning New Mexico as a key contributor to the nation’s nuclear energy future. 


Importance of Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposits

  • Classification of uranium deposits found in the Grants Uranium District include the Jurassic Morrison Formation and sandstone uranium deposits; limestone uranium deposits; other sedimentary rocks with uranium deposits and vein-type uranium deposits;
  • Major mining companies abandoned projects after the last cycle leaving advanced uranium projects for potential development;
  • Inexpensive property acquisition costs includes millions of exploration and development expenditures;
  • Deposits can be large (several produced >20 mill lbs U3O8);
    • Many produced >2 mill lbs. U3O8;
  • Recent advances in ISR makes sandstone-hosted uranium deposits attractive economically.

Industry Updates

U.S. energy regulators granted a waiver to speed up the connection ​of the Three Mile Island nuclear power ‌plant in Pennsylvania.

The Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act (H.R. 1042) was signed into law and reinforces the necessity for uranium produced domestically in the US.

Nuclear Fuel Security Act 2024 establishes new programs and expands existing programs to increase domestic supplies of certain types of low-enriched uranium.

Bi-partisan Infrastructure Law: $6Bn Nuclear Credit Program.

FAST-41 (Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act of 2015) established a framework to streamline federal permitting for major infrastructure and energy projects by setting clear timelines, coordinated reviews, and public transparency through the Federal Permitting Dashboard.

Sources

  1. U.S. industrial natural gas consumption expected to hit records in 2026 and 2027. (2026). U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). https://www.eia.gov/
  2. U.S. Energy Information Administration. (n.d.). Monthly Energy Review; Domestic Uranium Production Report; Uranium Marketing Annual Report. U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.eia.gov/
  3. Alief, H. (2009, February 9). Technical Report on Section 1, T18N, R12W, Nose Rock Uranium Property, McKinley County, New Mexico, USA. Prepared for Strathmore Minerals Corp.
  4. McLemore, V. T. (2007). Uranium resources in New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources.
  5. McLemore, V. T. (2020, January 27). Uranium resources in New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources. https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/resources/uranium/nmresources.html 
  6. McLemore, V. T. and Chenoweth, W. L. (1989). Uranium resources in New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources. https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/maps/resource/downloads/18/RM-18_booklet.pdf

In-Situ Recovery

What is In-Situ Recovery?

In-Situ Recovery (ISR) is a modern technique used to extract uranium from sandstone-hosted deposits below the Earth’s surface. This innovative method eliminates the need for open pits, waste rock, and tailings offering a cleaner and more sustainable approach to resource extraction..

The process involves a network of injection and recovery wells that circulate a water-based solution known as a lixiviant, through the uranium-bearing formation. This solution, typically consisting of oxygen and sodium bicarbonate mixed with native groundwater, dissolves the uranium in place without disturbing the surrounding rock. The uranium-enriched solution is then pumped to the surface, where the uranium is separated and processed into a final product.

How Does ISR Work?

In-situ recovery of uranium typically occurs in sandstone formations within aquifers that have been exempted by regulatory authorities from protection as drinking water sources due to naturally occurring minerals like uranium and radium. ISR wellfields are developed using a network of injection and recovery wells. A lixiviant—composed of native groundwater enhanced with oxygen and sodium bicarbonate—is injected into the uranium-bearing sandstone. The oxygen in the lixiviant dissolves the uranium, and the solution is then drawn to recovery wells, which pump it to the surface. At the processing facility, uranium is separated and refined into U₃O₈, or yellowcake. After operations conclude, both the groundwater and surface land are restored to their original quality and designated use, ensuring minimal environmental impact.

Why Choose In-Situ Recovery?

Environmentally Friendly

No open pits, waste dumps, or tailings. ISR leaves the surface landscape largely undisturbed.

Water Conservation

99% of water used is returned to the aquifer during operation. 

Lower Carbon Footprint

ISR uses up to 60% less energy than conventional mining methods, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Cost-Effective

With reduced surface disruption and simpler permitting processes, ISR is more economical than traditional mining.

Safety Assurance

ISR is regulated to the highest standards to ensure that groundwater and the surrounding environment remain protected.

A Globally Trusted Technology

First introduced in the United States in the 1960s, ISR has since become the leading method of uranium extraction, accounting for approximately 60% of global uranium production. It is widely used in countries such as Kazakhstan, the United States, and Australia. While some international processes still rely on harsh chemicals, most U.S. operations use environmentally responsible lixiviants to minimize ecological impacts.

As we celebrate the 50th anniversary of In-Situ Recovery technology, this innovative method continues to set the standard for minimally intrusive, eco-friendly, and economically competitive mineral extraction. The first commercial scale American ISR uranium project commenced production on April 1, 1975 at the Clay West Project, operated by Atlantic Richfield Company in partnership with US Steel and DALCO. ISR has proven to be a highly successful technique for uranium.